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Начиная с 1970-х гг. когнитивная психология стала занимать видное место в качестве сферы исследования и терапевтической практики. Она энергично занимается центральными элементами сознания, подобно тому как это делал Уильям Джеймс, когда создавал научную дисциплину, названную психологией. Когнитивная психология не является, строго говоря, теорией личности. Она не образ
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А. М. Тьюринг (A. M. Turing) (1912—1954), британский математик, логик и один из создателей информатики, изобрел прототип современного цифрового компьютера — «машину Тьюринга». «Могут ли машины думать?» — задал он вопрос. И решительно ответил на него: да, могут. Они имитируют или моделируют человеческое мышление столь хорошо, что становится бессмысленным говорить о различии между подлинником и имитацией (Turing, 1950—1991). В 1958 году психолог Аллен Ньюэлл (Allen Newell) и программист Херберт А. Саймон (Herbert A. Simon) высказали предположение, что человеческое познание можно рассматривать в качестве системы обработки информации и что действия этой системы можно описать «с помощью детализированной программы, определенной в терминах элементарных информационных процессов» (Lachman, Lachman & Butterfield, 1979, p. 98). Аналогия между человеческим разумом и компьютером, предложенная Ньюэллом и Саймоном, вызвала лавину исследований и теоретических формулировок, основанных на компьютерн
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